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Advantages:
	A wide variety of materials can be lapped.
	Flatness to one light band (0.0003 mm) on 100 dia.
	Surface finish to less than 0.2 µRA.

The advantages of lapping for obtaining fine flatness and surface finish have long been recognised by production and design engineers. Proper finish and flatness can be achieved with any of the 7 standard lapping machines in the GMT range, in bench and floor models.

Some reasons why lapping machines help to transform a costly, rarely used, hand operation to a fine accuracy economical process:-

	Parts of different shapes, thickness and materials can be lapped.
	Because the lap plate continuously maintains its flatness, production is not interrupted.
	Appropriate diameters of the conditioning rings result in optimum lapping area.
	Lapping cycles are controlled by an automatic and adjustable digital display times.

A partial list of the materials that lend themselves to lapping :
	Cast iron	Tungsten
	Plastics	Ceramics
	Stainless Steel	Alumina
	Silicon	Bronze
	Stellite	Carbon
	Ferrite	Aluminium

Pump manufacturers, electronic industries, valve manufacturers, etc., have found a sure way of obtaining positive sealing.
Reverse Mechanism :Reverse mechanism is used to correct the flatness of the lap plate and avoid downtime for lap plate correction.

Models 300mm and 400mm dia :
300mm and 400mm dia lapping machines are bench models and are robust. The lap plate and conditioning rings are made from special, close-grained, cast iron. The lap plate is supported on a preloaded taper roller bearing for maximum stability.
Standard Equipment :
	Heavy duty steel fabricated housing.
	Abrasive distribution system with pump, tank and infinitely variable flow control.
	Cast alloy lap plate, radially serrated.
	Three adjustable conditioning rings with yoke and bearing assemblies.
	Automatic lapping cycle timer.
	Drive unit, 0.37 kw motor with gear box.
	Reverse mechanism.
	Three pressure plates with lifting eye bolts.
	Three felt pads.
Optional Equipment :
	Variable speed drive.
	Special lap plate for lapping tungsten carbide, ceramics, etc.
	A handy machine cabinet which permits storage for all accessories.

Lapping Machines, Models 610, 900 & 1200 dia :
These sizes are constructed on a solid fabricated structure and heavily ribbed. Special attention has been given to the design of the main spindle bearings, giving great axial load capacity, maximum stability, long life and smooth performance even under heavy eccentric loading. Lap plates are manufactured from close-grained alloy cast iron, stress relieved after pre-machining and finally finish-machined and lapped in position.
Standard Equipment :
	Heavy duty structural steel with integrally mounted drive motor, gear reduction unit, abrasive pump, abrasive pump, abrasive distribution system, complete with electrical control panel.
	Heavy duty work table, manually adjustable vertically.
	Alloy cast iron serrated lap plate.
	Three adjustable conditioning rings with roller yoke assemblies.
	Three felt pads.
	Reverse mechanism.
	Adjustable timer, tank, feeding systems with adjustable flow control.
	Removable drain container.
	Main drive motor with gear reduction unit.
	Three cast alloy pressure plates with eye bolts.
	Wrenches, instructional manual.
	Stirrer motor.
Optional Equipment :
	Heavy duty, double acting, pneumatic cylinders, radially adjustable, mounted on a steel spider assembly.
	Variable speed drive.
	Special porus-structure lap plate for lapping tungsten carbide material.
	Provision for water cooling.
Abrasive Tank :
A pump feeds the slurry to the lap plate through an infinitely adjustable control jet which closely regulates the required amount of flow on to the lapping tungsten carbide.

Lapping Machines sizes 1500, 1800 and 2100 dia:

Sizes 1500, 1800 and 2100 mm dia machines are massive with heavily ribbed fabricated bases. Large heavy duty roller bearings have been provided to take care of eccentric and other radial loads.

The drive is taken from the main motor through 'V' belts through a fluid coupling to ensure smooth working. The drive to the lap plate is through a heat-treated pinion and a high tensile spheroidal cast internal gear. Variable speed drive for lap plate, reverse mechanism for conditioning ring is supplied as standard. Water cooling for the lap plate is optional.

GMT Monochromatic Lamp

With GMT Monochromatic Lamp one can measure flatness within 0.6 microns quickly and easily. These attractive and self contained units use sodium lamp to produce a brilliant glare free light of known wave length. Contrasting light and dark bands are readily observed on most reflective or semi-reflective surfaces. Used with GMT optical flats, they measure surface flatness within 0.3µ on parts upto 75mm dia.

Optical Flat

GMT optical flats are made from clear fused quartz. Flats made of quartz are superior due to their very low thermal expansion and their greater resistance to abrasion. GMT optical flats are available in 50, 75, 100 and 150mm dia sizes.

Polishing Stand

In order to obtain utmost reflectivity from a lapped surface for light band interpretation, it is generally required to hand polish sample parts briefly after work has been lapped. GMT polishing stands are made to effectively handle a fine grade polishing paper;holding it absolutely tight to prevent rounding the edges of the work, yet permitting easy access to a new section of paper when desired. The stand is equipped to take a standard role of polishing paper.

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